Cold Fusion  (Water and palladium)
Pons and Fleischmann

fabricated data purporting to demonstrate his creation of molecular transistors
Jahn Hendrik Schon at Bell Labs 

Victor Ninov at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). 
fabricated data to show that he had created a new element, that of atomic number 118.


"The committee found [coauthor responsibility] to be an extremely difficult issue, which the scientific community has not considered carefully."

Richard P. Feynman: "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself--and you are the easiest person to fool.... After you've not fooled yourself, it's easy not to fool other scientists. You just have to be honest in a conventional way after that."

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More recent cases of scientific fraud:

Harvard fake Psychology Research data use
https://youtu.be/KcFbb5lVJA4?si=pecuSCxyTlRPAJbk

Stanford fake neuroscience data case:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsJvoNpFBA8